Ahmed M Elmarakby has completed his PhD from Al-Azhar University and Post-doctoral studies from Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Dentistry, Egypt. He is an Assistant Professor of Restorative Dentistry Science, Alfarabi Colleges, KSA. He is a Lecturer in Operative Dentistry department, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University, Egypt. He has published 3 papers in international journals.

Knowing the fact that pediatricians prescribe different iron supplements for children suffering from anemia, it might be interesting to study the effect of common iron supplements products on dental caries. Therefore, the aim of this in vitro study was to study the effect of four iron supplements on the initiation of dental caries. Four products of iron supplements were used. These products were: (1) Fer-in-sol (Bristol Myers Squibb Company, New Jersey, USA), (2) Ferotonic (Ram Pharmaceutical, Amman, Jordan), (3) Feromin (Riyadh Pharma, Riyadh, KSA) and (4) Ferose (Spimaco Al Qassim Pharmaceutical Plant, Saudi Arabia). 120 extracted human teeth were distributed randomly into six groups (n=20). Four groups from the iron products, in addition to a positive and a negative control groups were considered. Mutants streptococci bacteria (6715) grown in Todd Hewitt Broth were used. Assessment of decalcification and cavitation by two examiners was done daily for 60 days. Results revealed that all iron supplements have cariostatic effect and delayed the initiation of the dental caries except Ferose product. The mean dates for decalcification varied, with lowest for the positive control (10 days) and the highest was for Feromin. Cavitation was initiated in two groups; the positive control and Ferose groups. The mean of the first day of cavitation was after 55 days. It is concluded that some iron-supplement products have cariostatic effect. It is advisable to ask pedestrians managing children suffering iron deficiency anemia to prescribe iron-supplement products for treatment of anemia and fighting dental caries.

Ghada A El Baz has completed her PhD and Post-doctoral studies from the Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University. She is an Assistant Professor of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University. She has published around 20 papers in national and international journals.

rnBackground & Aim: Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) pose the greatest challenge for pediatric dentists due to their complex and varied oral and dental manifestations. The present study was designed to compare the degree of dental root development of permanent teeth and the mandibular radio-density of a group of children with ASDs with those of healthy children. rnrnMaterials & Methods: Thirty children (6-8 years) were included in this study, 15 of the children had been previously diagnosed with ASDs (autistic group B) while the other 15 were healthy children (control group A). Digital panoramic radiographs for all children were obtained for bilateral measurement of the root length and the apical width of the lower permanent first molars and central incisors. In addition, the radio-density of the mandibular bone at the symphysis and the angle regions was evaluated. rnrnResults: Group B showed statistically significant shorter mean root length values than group A for the first permanent molars. While for apical root width; group B showed statistically significant wider mean apical width values than group A for both permanent central incisors and first permanent molars. Regarding the mandibular radio-density, the autistic group B showed statistically significant lower mean values than the control group A at both, angle of the mandible and symphyseal areas. rnrnConclusion: Children with ASDs experience significant delayed dental development and lower mandibular bone radio-density compared to healthy children. rn

Sara Abdulrahman Alfawaz completed her Bachelor degree at the age of 24 years from Alfarabi College in Riyadh, and start internship in March 2017. She was an organizer for more than one conference. She volunteered private clinic for 5 weeks in May 2014 and June 2015. She attended many conferences and now she participate in two published researches in two different journal and now she preparing a new research , and also she participate for three E-posters in different conferences . She got certificates in two workshops in Endo and Veneer. At present she would like to complete Master degree in UK.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of four conventional chemically cured glass ionomer cements (Fuji IX, Ketac Molar, Vidrion R and Vitromolar) commonly used in a traumatic restorative treatment (ART) immediately after material preparation. Twenty specimens of each glass ionomer cement were fabricated and surface roughness was measured after material setting. The specimens were further examined under scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test at 5% significance level. Two-by-two comparisons showed statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between all materials, except for Ketac Molar and Vidrion R, which had statically similar results (p>0.05). Regarding their results of surface roughness, the materials can be presented in a crescent order, as follows: Ketac Molar

Myeongkwan Jih is an Assistant Professor at Chosun University, South Korea. He has completed his BSc, DDS and Doctorate in Dental Medicine at Chosun University, South Korea. He has completed his Master of Science in Pediatric Dentistry at Chosun University. He has published several articles about fluoride and traction of impacted canine teeth. His researches focus on polymer adhesive film supplemented NaF and traction of impacted teeth.

Restorative dental materials have advanced rapidly, with improved physical properties that improve survival rates. Accordingly, various materials can be selected. Amalgam, composite resin, glass-ionomer cement, and preformed stainless steel crowns have all been used widely for the restoration of dental caries in primary molars. The various dental materials used to treat proximal caries in the primary molars have distinct advantages and disadvantages. However, few studies have examined their survival rates. This retrospective study examined the 2-year survival rates of more than 700 class II restorations of proximal caries in primary molars clinically and radiologically according to the type of restoration. The study results should help in the selection of class II restorations for molars, one of the biggest concerns of pediatric dentists.

rnTeodora Targova-Dimitrova has completed her PhD from the Medical University of Varna, Bulgaria. She is a Specialist in Periodontology and Dental Implantology and has been working as an Assistant-Professor in Department of Periodontology and Dental Implantology at Faculty of Dental Medicine. Her scientific interests include investigation and efficient treatment of periodontal disorders in children, adolescents and adults. rn

rnNowadays there is a great diversity of investigations among children and adolescents concerning the specific morphological, physiological and functional characteristics and clinical traits of the periodontal apparatus. An issue of significant scientific interest represents the comparison of periodontal status in children with systemic disorders and healthy controls of similar age. Not to neglect the fact that social-economic characteristics of the area of living influence periodontal health. The aim of this study has been to perform a detailed research of the periodontal health in children of different regions and standard of living and to seek for answers to some questions: Is there any correlation between periodontal status and common health? Are children with improved oral-dental status in conditions of extensive increase of the costs for public health services? Do children visit their dentists only in a case of emergency or do they perform regular dental visits? For the purpose of the study we included children and adolescents between 2 and 18 years of age with different place and conditions of living. We recorded the plaque index, papilla bleeding index, bleeding on probing index, clinical attachment level, gingival recessions, DMFT and DFT index in the context of primary, mixed and permanent dentition. We established deviations from the norm of periodontal health not only in children with common health problems, but also in controls living in poor conditions, with limited access to dental cares. In conclusion, the environmental factors have to be taken into consideration in periodontal status assessment.rn